Data Centers Are Driving a US Gas Boom

Data centers have caused the demand for gas-fired power in the US to explode over the past two years, according to new research released Wednesday. More than a third of this new demand, the research found, is explicitly linked to gas projects that will power data centers—the equivalent of energy that would power tens of millions of US homes.

The findings from Global Energy Monitor, a San Francisco–based nonprofit that tracks oil and gas developments, come as the Trump administration is both encouraging data center build-out and doing away with pollution regulations on power plants and oil and gas extraction. They will also almost certainly mean an increase in US greenhouse gas emissions, even if some of the projects tracked by Global Energy Monitor never get built.

“The implications are huge when you’re talking about this size of a build-out,” says Jonathan Banks, a senior climate adviser at Clean Air Task Force, a nonprofit that works to reduce emissions. (Clean Air Task Force was not involved in the Global Energy Monitor research.)

Building all the gas-fired power infrastructure that was in development at the end of last year could increase the US gas fleet by nearly 50 percent, according to Global Energy Monitor’s findings. The US currently has around 565 gigawatts of gas-fired power on the grid. If all the projects in the development pipeline are built, it would add almost 252 gigawatts of gas power to the US fleet. (Estimates vary, but 1 gigawatt can power up to a million homes, depending on the energy use of the region.)

Data centers have helped to nearly triple the demand for gas-fired power in the US over the past two years. When Global Energy Monitor last released its tracker, in early 2024, it logged around 85 gigawatts of gas-fired power in the development pipeline in the US. Just over 4 gigawatts of that development were explicitly earmarked for data centers. But in 2025, more than 97 gigawatts of demand tracked were from projects that will be used to power data centers—almost 25 times higher than the 2024 figures.

“About a year and a half ago, we started to see this increase in proposals for data centers specifically,” says Jenny Martos, a research analyst at Global Energy Monitor who worked on the report.

To put together the research, Global Energy Monitor reviewed publicly available sources of data on gas power build-outs in the pipeline. These include state-level regulatory filings, air quality permits, and public announcements from companies. (Martos says that the group compared its findings with industry-held data as a benchmark.)

As the data center build-out continues across the country, developers are scrambling to secure power from any and all sources—and utilities are racing to meet the projected demand. This has meant that dirtier power sources are getting a second shot at staying online: coal-fired power plants around the country have recently been given extensions on their retirement dates, boosted by coal-friendly policies from the Trump administration.

Natural gas is a much cleaner power option than coal-fired power, but gas plants do release CO₂ emissions. About 35 percent of US energy-related CO₂ emissions in 2022 came from burning natural gas.

“Gas is cleaner when burnt than coal, but when you’re talking about this much gas, you’re talking about a lot of CO₂ associated with it, too,” says Banks.

A larger concern with natural gas is methane leaks during the extraction process. Methane stays for a shorter period of time in the atmosphere than CO₂, but it is 80 times more potent over a 20 year period. Climate scientists say that decreasing methane emissions over the shorter term is crucial to controlling climate change in the long run. It’s estimated that oil and gas production accounts for a third of all global methane leaks; the US is the largest producer of natural gas in the world.